Today's Focus: Conservation Issues and Efforts in New Zealand
A History - New Zealand
Founded in 1856 by British settlers, New Zealand is a group of fertile islands located about 4,000 kilometers off the southeastern coast of Australia. Originally settled by the Maori people around 800AD, this great country is now home to about 4.6 million people. It also has a thriving export sector that mainly ships out agricultural products such as beef, mutton, wool, and cheese.
New Zealand is known for many things including its spectacular natural scenery and unique wildlife. The fact however that people enjoy a high environmental quality of life, doesn't mean that the country doesn't experience its fair share of environmental challenges.
Conservation Issues and Efforts in New Zealand
1. Soil Degradation
Since both British settlers and Maoris were responsible for large tracts of land being drained of water and deforested. This has left much of the country susceptible to high-intensity rainfall that quickly erodes fertile soils. Loss of vital organic matter, excess acidity, and the decline of soil-friendly organisms such as earthworms is another big concern for New Zealanders.
The government of New Zealand has put in place different measures to counter soil degradation including the enactment of the Resources management Act 2009. This Act outlines different guidelines that are intended to ensure sustainable developmental social, environmental, and economic principles.
2. Climate Change Despite New Zealand contributing only about 0.2% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, the country is still conscious of the impact of global warming and climate change. New Zealand is a leading global participant in the climate change arena. Being a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change, the country has been party to major agreements such as the Kyoto protocol, Doha Amendment and the Paris agreement. In 2008, New Zealand ratified the Emissions Trading Scheme which is a policy incentivizing cutback in emissions for local companies. Over the years New Zealand has also invested heavily in green energy with almost 80% of its electricity generation now being sourced from renewable sources. The electric vehicle programme set up in 2016 also seeks to double electric car fleets in the country annually till 2021.
3. Endangered Species The country is home to some of the most unique plant and animal species in the animal and plant kingdom. This can be attributed to the many years in which flora and fauna thrived in seclusion on the islands. Sadly most of this animal species such as the Kiwi, Hector's and Maui Dolphin are threatened with extinction. In fact, New Zealand faces increasingly fragmented national parks and reserves. Some of the factors contributing to this include encroachment of habitats, the introduction of predators and bad fishing practices.
Since New Zealand is a haven for tourists, efforts have been made to protect the endangered animal species and consequently the tourism industry. The introduction of breeding programmes for indigenous species and pest-free islands have proven to be a real gem in conservation efforts. By way of this, the population of animal species such as the kiwi, black robin, and Hoihos has been salvaged. In order to protect native species, the government has set up an ambitious goal of eradicating all stoats, rats, and possums by 2050. Indeed, such efforts have made New Zealand a global leader in fighting pests and recovering species.
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